5 ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS FOR - LITHIUM NIOBATE CRYSTAL

In 1993 Kuz’minov and Osiko identified that the ‘disturbance�?of stoichiometry in LN crystals is mostly as a result of deficiency of oxygen in Nb2O5, employed as being a raw substance initial melt (Czochralski system) [186]. Appropriately, based upon its production engineering, niobium pentoxide can adopt a wide range of compositions Nb2O5−